This intensive course in general English provides an authoritative integrated syllabus, motivation topics, and cover the basic skills required in learning English. This course is specially adapted for the Middle Eastern students. The series of the book adopted has the following key features:

• Student’s Book with CD-ROM, Teacher’s Book, Workbook with/without key, Class Audio CDs, Workbook Audio CD, iTools 

• Clear focus on grammar 

• Balanced, integrated-skills syllabus 

• Real-world speaking skills - Everyday English, Spoken English, Music of English

   This course is an introduction to the basic skills for using the computer. It depends mainly on the syllabus of the ICDL program V.5 . This course will represent the first two models of the ICDL program .At the end of this course the students have the basic skills of using the computer and will be able of passing the first two ICDL models test.  

Upon completion of the course, students are expected to be able to: Collect information, analyze, criticize.

Basic concepts of Information Technology , File management 

Medical terminology is the study of the principles of medical word building to help the student develop the extensive medical vocabulary used in health care occupations. Students receive a thorough grounding in basic medical terminology through a study of root words, prefixes and suffixes.

This is an introductory course in Biology is the study of life, individual organisms, their communities, and the systems, cells, and processes that make up living matter. Students of biology undertake a general program in which they study living organisms and the systems and processes that permit life

  Biochemistry is the application of chemistry to the study of biological processes at the cellular and molecular level. It emerged as a distinct discipline around the beginning of the 20th century when scientists combined chemistry, physiology, and biology to investigate the chemistry of living systems.

ParasitologyCourse Description The aim of the course is to develop basic knowledge and skill to identify the parasites,diagnose the diseases caused by them, manage the patients, prevent and control parasiticdiseases

 Introduces students to the major concepts of instrumental analysis and to some of the instrumental techniques most commonly used in analytical and bioanalytical LABORATORY

 This course will focus on metabolic biochemistry: the study of chemical reactions that provide the cell with the energy and raw materials necessary for life.

 This course is a survey of animal parasites, using selected taxa to illustrate concepts and patterns of parasite/host evolution, systematics, physiology, morphology, life history, ecology and behavior.

 This course is intended to provide the student with a foundation in medical microbiology. ... Describe the staining characteristics of bacteria and differentiate these ... Medical parasitology; An organ system approach to diagnostic microbiology

Introduces human hematological disorders associated with white cell abnormalities and anomalies. Emphasizes cell identification, cell differentiation and cell morphology evaluation procedures

Histopathology is the diagnosis and study of diseases of the tissues, and involves examining tissues and/or cells under a microscope.

Theory and application of basic statistical concepts for design of studies in health sciences, integrated with statistical software applications

Medical Mycology focuses on pathogenic fungi and the diseases they cause in humans. Areas covered in this course include the fungi that cause the most devastating and common diseases, their mechanisms of pathogenesis, the clinical problems, and the host response (both in health and disease).

Clinical Chemistry 2 will provide an advanced knowledge of the metabolism and function of hormones and includes: the laboratory investigation of disorders of thyroid, pituitary, adrenal, hypothalamic, ovarian, testicular and renal hormones; and the use of tumour markers in oncology.

Food microbiology is the study of the microorganisms that inhabit, create, or contaminate food. This includes the study of microorganisms causing food spoilage; pathogens that may cause disease; microbes

This is an introductory course in Biology is the study of life, individual organisms, their communities, and the systems, cells, and processes that make up living matter. Students of biology undertake a general program in which they study living organisms and the systems and processes that permit life

General chemistry courses typically introduce concepts such as stoichiometry, prediction of reaction products, thermodynamics, nuclear chemistry, electrochemistry, chemical kinetics, and many of the rudiments of physical chemistry.

دراسة تاريخ الشعب الكردي من النواحي السياسية والاجتماعية والاقتصادية 

 معرفة تاريخ اللغة الكردية واللهجات المتداولة ومقارنتها مع اللغات الاخرى 

 دراسة الحركة الثقافية الكردية من خلال دراسة بعض الشعراء ونتاجاتهم ودراسة اهم حركة ثقافية الا وهي جريدة كردستان 1889-1902 التي كانت بداية تطور حركة الوعي القومي الكردي .

General chemistry II courses typically introduce concepts such as stoichiometry, prediction of reaction products, thermodynamics, nuclear chemistry, electrochemistry, chemical kinetics, and many of the rudiments of physical chemistry

Human Anatomy and Physiology is a laboratory-based course that investigates the structure and function of the human body. Topics covered will include the basic organization of the body and major body systems along with the impact of diseases on certain systems

have a lab data we can graph these data and get best curve for these points and find a function for this curve by using calculus.

Understand the most common terminologies and vocabularies in computing

Read and write scientific paragraphs , articles and papers, more efficiently.

Use the internet search facilities more easier to find information he/she needs in English language.

lab instruments encompass a wide range of instrumentation whose principle purpose is to qualitatively and quantitatively analyze samples; the chemical makeup of a sample and the quantity of each component within a sample. The wide range of available equipment also allows for a wide range of testing methods and their respective applications.

Microbial physiology can reasonably be defined as “structure–function relationships in microorganisms, especially how microbes respond to their environment”. Protection against nitrosative stress can be effective only if the required gene products are synthesised under physiologically relevant conditions.

Virology is the study of viruses and virus-like agents, including, but not limited to, their taxonomy, disease-producing properties, cultivation, and genetics. Virology is often considered a part of microbiology or pathology.

Quality control consists of inspection, measurement and testing to verify that the project outputs meet acceptance criteria defined during quality planning. It is focused on preventing problems being passed on to the internal or external customer.

Histology, also known as microscopic anatomy or microanatomy, is the branch of biology that studies the microscopic anatomy of biological tissues. Histology is the microscopic counterpart to gross anatomy, which looks at larger structures visible without a microscope.

Human physiology is the science of how the human body functions in health and disease. A degree in human physiology provides excellent preparation for careers or graduate study in biomedical research and the health professions or related disciplines.

Bacteriology is a branch of microbiology in which the focus of study is on bacteria and its effects on humans and the environment. As a microbiologist, you'll study organisms that are too small to be seen without a microscope, such as bacteria and viruses. Microbiologists deal with issues that touch on many aspects of our lives, including controlling the spread of infectious diseases, ensuring safe drinking water and maintaining a safe food supply. Medical bacteriology is concerned primarily with bacteria that cause disease and disease control.

   This course is an introduction to the basic skills for using the computer. It depends mainly on the syllabus of the ICDL program V.5 . This course will represent the first two models of the ICDL program .At the end of this course the students have the basic skills of using the computer and will be able of passing the first two ICDL models test.  

This intensive course in general English provides an authoritative integrated syllabus, motivation topics, and cover the basic skills required in learning English. This course is specially adapted for the Middle Eastern students. The series of the book adopted has the following key features:

• Student’s Book with CD-ROM, Teacher’s Book, Workbook with/without key, Class Audio CDs, Workbook Audio CD, iTools 

• Clear focus on grammar 

• Balanced, integrated-skills syllabus 

• Real-world speaking skills - Everyday English, Spoken English, Music of English

This is an introductory course in Biology is the study of life, individual organisms, their communities, and the systems, cells, and processes that make up living matter. Students of biology undertake a general program in which they study living organisms and the systems and processes that permit life

Medical terminology is the study of the principles of medical word building to help the student develop the extensive medical vocabulary used in health care occupations. Students receive a thorough grounding in basic medical terminology through a study of root words, prefixes and suffixes.

Basic concepts of Information Technology , File management 

Upon completion of the course, students are expected to be able to: Collect information, analyze, criticize.

General Microbiology is an introductory unit that gives students an overview of microbes, particularly bacteria, as well as specific skills in handling and using microbial cultures.

Biochemistry is the branch of science that explores the chemical processes within and related to living organisms. It is a laboratory based science that brings together biology and chemistry. By using chemical knowledge and techniques, biochemists can understand and solve biological problems.

 Analytical chemistry is the science of obtaining, processing, and communicating information about the composition and structure of matter. In other words, it is the art and science of determining what matter is and how much of it exists.

Nutrition is the biochemical and physiological process by which an organism uses food to support its life. It provides organisms with nutrients, which can be metabolized to create energy and chemical structures. Failure to obtain sufficient nutrients causes

Genetics is the study of genes, genetic variation, and heredity in organisms. It is an important branch in biology because heredity is vital to organisms' evolution. Gregor Mendel, a Moravian Augustinian friar working in the 19th century in Brno, was the first to study genetics scientifically.

Histology, also known as microscopic anatomy or microanatomy, is the branch of biology that studies the microscopic anatomy of biological tissues. Histology is the microscopic counterpart to gross anatomy, which looks at larger structures visible without a microscope.

This is an introductory course in Biology is the study of life, individual organisms, their communities, and the systems, cells, and processes that make up living matter. Students of biology undertake a general program in which they study living organisms and the systems and processes that permit life

General chemistry courses typically introduce concepts such as stoichiometry, prediction of reaction products, thermodynamics, nuclear chemistry, electrochemistry, chemical kinetics, and many of the rudiments of physical chemistry.

Computer skills are abilities and knowledge which allow you to use computers and related technology. They let you use word processing software, access the Internet, manage files, or create presentations. Advanced computer skills would let you access databases, use spreadsheets, and even code

General Chemistry is an introduction to the basic concepts of chemistry, including atomic structure and bonding, chemical reactions, and solutions. Other topics covered include gases, thermodynamics, kinetics and equilibrium, redox, and chemistry of the elements.

It is assumed that the reader has basic scientific understanding. Otherwise, minimal knowledge of chemistry is needed prior to reading this book.

Medical ethics is an interdisciplinary teaching- and research-subject that empirically and analytically studies ethical aspects of health care and medical research. It is thus an area within applied ethics.

Biology is the science of living matter. It involves the study of the structure of evolutionary development and functions of plants, animals, and micro organisms.The majority of biologists are engaged in research and development. The biological sciences are good preparation for a career in healthcare such as medicine, dentistry, and veterinary science, but professional degrees and licenses are also necessary to practice in these fields.

General Chemistry is an introduction to the basic concepts of chemistry, including atomic structure and bonding, chemical reactions, and solutions. Other topics covered include gases, thermodynamics, kinetics and equilibrium, redox, and chemistry of the elements.

Kurdology is a subject designed for the first year students in different departments, it is a very important and interesting subject for Kurds and all of the other international students who would like to learn the history, culture, economical issues and the Folklore of Kurds. The term Kurdology is originated from the (Kurd + logy); the first part refers to the Kurdish nation while the second part refers to the science, acquaintance, knowledge, Introduction of Kurds as well as research, it means that this subject is designed to introduce the Kurdish nation to the world. This subject leads to investigating research about in the fields of (History, geography, language, culture, Kurdish literature, and Kurdish nation citizenship). The importance of this course appears through (history, geography, language, Art, literature, archaeology, bibliography) and many other areas related to the kurdish nation. In addition, this course will focus of different views of Western European scientists and researchers and Eastern Scientists (Including Muslim and Kurdish Scholars) about the Kurdish languages, dialects and cultures which are used throughout the history.

This course is designed to develop students’ abilities and skills in academic communication, argumentation and debate. The topics of this course train the Students to use sources for academic communication, to produce knowledge, to raise academic questions and to answer the questions scientifically. It also trains them to think critically, to respect others’ points of view and also to direct academic arguments. In this course, students are directed to raise questions and analyze the scientific texts logically and critically, i.e. they are guided to conduct a critical analysis of what they read and are provided with opportunities to practice and develop their skills by writing their reflections on the material studied and on their own learning. Moreover, they are assisted to Identifying problems academically and offer appropriate and scientific suggestions for solving such problems. Also, a number of lectures are devoted to teaching Health and Safety subject to train students about health awareness in order to use  laboratories, and protecting against diseases in cafeterias, libraries and lecture halls.

Furthermore, the course will focus on the importance of debate and time management. The aims of this course is to: 

1. To foster critical thinking and thoughtful expression
2. To appreciate the diversity of social relations in communities
3. To develop intellectualism and confidence of expression.  At the end of the course, students will be able to:  1. Exercise debating skills and enhance abilities to express thoughtful, informed opinions in public settings.
4. Use reliable sources to gather evidence in a responsive, critical way.
5. Demonstrate skills of peaceful negotiation with others.
6. Prepare and execute an argument that is logically ground and contributes to the good of the community.
7. Identify emergent problems in communities and to see oneself as an active agent committed to the resolution of them.
8. Demonstrate openness to diverse viewpoints and to express a willingness to change as a result.
9. Demonstrate knowledge in learning communities using tools of technology for the common good. 

Biochemistry or biological chemistry is the study of chemical processes within and relating to living organisms. A sub-discipline of both chemistry and biology, biochemistry may be divided into three fields: structural biology, enzymology and metabolism.

Understanding General Chemistry details the fundamentals of general chemistry through a wide range of topics, relating the structure of atoms and molecules to the properties of matter. Written in an easy-to-understand format with helpful pedagogy to fuel learning, the book features main objectives at the beginning of each chapter, get smart sections, and check your reading section at the end of each chapter. The text is filled with examples and practices that illustrate the concepts at hand. In addition, a summary, and extensive MCQs, exercises and problems with the corresponding answers and explanations are readily available.

Medical ethics is an interdisciplinary teaching- and research-subject that empirically and analytically studies ethical aspects of health care and medical research. It is thus an area within applied ethics.

Academic debating is a formal argumentation match in which two opposing sides – teams propose or refute a given proposition statements or attack the validity of a motion in a series of speeches.

Humans are the most common and widespread species of primate in the great ape family Hominidae, and also the most common species of primate overall. Humans are broadly characterized by their bipedalism and high intelligence.

This course is designed to develop students’ abilities and skills in academic communication, argumentation and debate. The topics of this course train the Students to use sources for academic communication, to produce knowledge, to raise academic questions and to answer the questions scientifically. It also trains them to think critically, to respect others’ points of view and also to direct academic arguments. In this course, students are directed to raise questions and analyze the scientific texts logically and critically, i.e. they are guided to conduct a critical analysis of what they read and are provided with opportunities to practice and develop their skills by writing their reflections on the material studied and on their own learning. Moreover, they are assisted to Identifying problems academically and offer appropriate and scientific suggestions for solving such problems. Also, a number of lectures are devoted to teaching Health and Safety subject to train students about health awareness in order to use  laboratories, and protecting against diseases in cafeterias, libraries and lecture halls.

Furthermore, the course will focus on the importance of debate and time management. The aims of this course is to: 

1. To foster critical thinking and thoughtful expression
2. To appreciate the diversity of social relations in communities
3. To develop intellectualism and confidence of expression.  At the end of the course, students will be able to:  1. Exercise debating skills and enhance abilities to express thoughtful, informed opinions in public settings.
4. Use reliable sources to gather evidence in a responsive, critical way.
5. Demonstrate skills of peaceful negotiation with others.
6. Prepare and execute an argument that is logically ground and contributes to the good of the community.
7. Identify emergent problems in communities and to see oneself as an active agent committed to the resolution of them.
8. Demonstrate openness to diverse viewpoints and to express a willingness to change as a result.
9. Demonstrate knowledge in learning communities using tools of technology for the common good. 

Kurdology is a subject designed for the first year students in different departments, it is a very important and interesting subject for Kurds and all of the other international students who would like to learn the history, culture, economical issues and the Folklore of Kurds. The term Kurdology is originated from the (Kurd + logy); the first part refers to the Kurdish nation while the second part refers to the science, acquaintance, knowledge, Introduction of Kurds as well as research, it means that this subject is designed to introduce the Kurdish nation to the world. This subject leads to investigating research about in the fields of (History, geography, language, culture, Kurdish literature, and Kurdish nation citizenship). The importance of this course appears through (history, geography, language, Art, literature, archaeology, bibliography) and many other areas related to the kurdish nation. In addition, this course will focus of different views of Western European scientists and researchers and Eastern Scientists (Including Muslim and Kurdish Scholars) about the Kurdish languages, dialects and cultures which are used throughout the history.

Introduces financial accounting theory, including the accounting cycle, analysis and recording of transactions, and reporting financial information in accordance with Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP). This is the first term of the traditional accounting principles sequence. The course emphasizes the theoretical foundations of accounting and analytical skills needed by business and accounting students. Those with financial record-keeping responsibilities in their current employment will find it essential.  An understanding of accounting is necessary to examine the performance and financial health of business. For this reason, accounting is often referred to as the ‘language of business’. This course is the ideal way for students to acquire a valuable skill as well as begin to develop an appreciation of the role of accounting in the evaluation and management of a business. Accordingly, it is recommended as a course both for students interested in business generally, and for those planning a career in accounting. Upon completion of the course students will be able to:

1.  Use debit and credit accounting to record and adjust basic business transactions.
2. Prepare multi-step income statements, classified balance sheets, and statements of retained earnings.
3. Use basic financial statement ratio analysis to evaluate financial performance.
4. Demonstrate knowledge of each step in the accounting cycle.
5. Know and apply organizational internal control components.  
6. Use Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) to record common business transactions involving merchandise inventory, cash, and accounts receivable transactions.

In this course, you will learn to recognize the characteristics of proper management by identifying what successful managers do and how they do it. Understanding how managers work is just as beneficial for the subordinate employee as it is for the manager. This course is designed to teach you the fundamentals of management as they are practiced today.

This course will illustrate how management evolves as firms grow in size. It is based upon the idea that the essential purpose of a business is to produce products and services in order to meet the needs and wants of the marketplace. A manager marshals an organization's resources (its people, finances, facilities, and equipment) toward this fundamental goal. In this course, you will explore the tasks that today's managers perform and delve into the key knowledge areas that managers need to master in order to run successful and profitable businesses.

Basic concepts of Information Technology, File management and personal computer.  The main objective of this course is to qualify the student to pass the ICDL exam in the second two modules covering Word processing and electronic spreadsheets using Microsoft Office 2007. The ICDL program has a well-defined set of objectives which include

1.  Promoting and encouraging computer literacy between students independent of their specialization
2. Raise the level of knowledge about Information Technology and the level of competence in using personal computers and common computer applications for all students
3. Ensure that all computer users understand best practices and the advantages of using a personal computer
4.  To increase the productivity of students and graduates who need to use computers in their specialization and work
5. To enable better returns from investments in Information Technology (IT)
6. To provide a basic qualification degree which will allow all students, regardless of their specialization to be part of the Information Society

The course provides an introduction to a core area of economics known as microeconomics. It considers the operation of a market economy and the problem of how best to allocate society's scarce resources. The course considers the way in which various decision making units in the economy (individuals and firms) make their consumption and production decisions and how these decisions are coordinated. It considers the laws of supply and demand, and introduces the theory of the firm, and its components, production and cost theories and models of market structure. The various causes of market failure are assessed, and consideration is given to public policies designed to correct this market failure.

Microeconomics is the study of how decisions are made by consumers and suppliers, how these decisions determine the allocation of scarce resources in the marketplace, and how public policy can influence market outcomes for better or worse. A basic understanding of microeconomics is essential to the study of macroeconomics because “micro” provides the foundations upon which “macro” is built. It is pointless to try to explain, for example, the demand for money and how it affects interest rates in the economy without a grasp of how suppliers and buyers interact in a market. The objective of this supplement to MACROECONOMICS: An Introduction, Third Edition is to provide a relatively compact overview of microeconomics for use in a course where micro is not a prerequisite for macro, and for students who want to brush up on their micro.

Economists think of there being two sides to a market, the demand side and the supply side. The demand side consists of economic agents, households and sometimes firms, who come to the market to buy a specific good or service. The supply side consists of the suppliers of the good or service, generally firms that produce the item. In markets for final goods, which are ready for consumption, the demanders are usually the consumers in the household sector; for example, someone buying a croissant. However, in the case of capital goods, it is a firm that is the buyer of the final good; for example, a bakery buying a new automated oven. There are also markets for intermediate goods where the buyers are firms purchasing a good or service used in the production of another good or service, for example bakeries purchasing flour from millers, or millers purchasing wheat from farmers.

We study the demand and supply sides of markets separately, because each involves different groups of agents. Within each group there is a common goal but the two groups have very distinct goals. Buyers all come to the market with the same goal of getting as much satisfaction, or what economists call utility, as they can from their limited budget. Suppliers are maximizing profit by using the factors of production - land, labour, capital, and entrepreneurship, - as effectively as possible, given the costs of those factors and the price at which they can sell their product.

Statistics has two main branches, pure and applied statistics. This model belongs to the second one which concerns about collecting the data and analyzing data via some methods. Ideally, this text would be used in a one-semester course in financial models. A course in elementary statistics, the lectures are designed to be flexible enough to be used in a variety of possible courses in deferment areas such as in finance.

This course introduces students to classical formulas for finding variance, covariance and correlation and regression equation.  This subject is intended to:

The purpose of this module is training students how to calculate mean, variance, mod, median, covariance and correlation. In this course students distinguish between population and the sample of population, also they learn to verify the methods which are used to analyze the data such as finding the average of a sample or population. Furthermore the course consists of an introduction to methods of inferential statistics methods that help us decide whether the patterns we see in our data are strong enough to draw conclusions about the underlying population we are interested in.

This course is designed for students and consists of Introduction. Property law. Definition of Commercial law; Origins of Commercial Law. Definition and forms of obligation. Penalty, earnest payment, guarantee. Transfer of a personal right between creditors or debtors (cession, assignation, guarantee) Restitution, statute of limitations. Contract of sale. Lease agreement. Timeshare agreement, Agency agreement, Shipping agreement, Commission agreement, License agreement. Securities (Promissory note and cheque). 

Course Objectives: 

1. Understanding basic principles and origins in the area of commercial law,
2. Theoretical and practical preparation enabling students to acquire knowledge and skills related to commercial law. 

On successful completion of this course, student should be able to: 

1.  define basic terms, values and laws in the area of commercial law,
2. describe methods of applying principles and provisions of commercial law,
3. compose simple contracts,
4. asses the correctness of applying specific laws to a specific
5. cases and choosing the most appropriate one

This course will cover operation research such linear programming problems, Graphical solution, Simplex method, Big-M method and optimal solution . Also it will cover some topics in some basic concepts in probability theory and operation research like Normal distribution, Bernoulli and Binomial distributions and Poisson distribution. This subject is intended to: The purpose of this module is training students how to calculate the maximum and minimum profit for whatever purpose and predict scenarios which will happen next to choose the right decision. At the end of this course and having completed the Essential reading and activities, you should be able to:

• Introduction of linear programming problem.
• Apply linear programming to find the solution.
• Construct a model to represent system of equations.
• Find the feasible solution of Graphical solution for two variables LPP.
• Apply Graphical solution and solve two variables LPP.
• Use Simplex method and application
• Use Game Theory applications
• Understand the basic concept of probability theory.
• Use Normal and binomial distribution to analyze the Data.
• Use Poisson distribution to find the average.

This course will provide an overview of human resources management (HRM). HRM is a fundamental component of the competitiveness, effectiveness, and sustainability of any organization, as it influences who is hired, how they are trained, evaluated, and compensated, and what steps are taken to retain them. Throughout the course we will focus on the role of managers and how they develop effective and efficient human resources practices that support the strategic goals of their organizations. To accomplish the above, activities will be infused into the curriculum that will familiarize students with the challenge of sustainability facing today’s companies that increases the role of human resource management practices.

The objectives of the course are:

1.  To provide an understanding of key human resources practices in today's organizations. 
2. To help build critical thinking skills by analyzing how human resources practices can support an organization's strategic objectives and enhance long-term performance. 
3. To develop skills in the following areas: problem solving and analysis, written and oral communication, and teamwork.
4. Apply the principles and techniques of human resource management gained through this course to the discussion of major personnel issues and the solution of typical case problems.

Marketing Management is a course that examines the role and importance of marketing in the firm and other organizations. We will cover topics such as marketing plans/strategies, marketing research, market segmentation, retailing, advertising, pricing, Internet marketing, etc. You will find the course interesting and informative. Keep on top of the work. All the best.

COURSE OBJECTIVES

This course will help you to develop a better appreciation and understanding of the role of marketing in a business organization specifically, and in our society at large. 

Specific objectives include:

1. To enhance your knowledge about marketing theories, principles, strategies and concepts and how they are applied;
2. To provide you with opportunities to analyze marketing activities within the firm;
3. To allow you to apply marketing concepts and theories to realistic marketing situations.
4. MAJOR & CURRICULUM OBJECTIVES TARGETED
5. At the end of this course, you should be able to:
6. Recognize the importance of marketing in an organization, how marketing relates to other business functions, and the role of marketing in society at large.
7. Do basic secondary research relative to marketing in an organization (e.g., by using Internet search engines, such as Yahoo, Google, etc.)
8. Select, analyze and define a target market for a selected product or service.
9. Develop a marketing plan or strategy for a product or service (e.g., company objectives, marketing objectives, target market(s), advertising, pricing, distribution, product/ service development, evaluation of competitors, contingency plans, budget, etc.)
10. Evaluate/analyze the marketing strategy for an existing product and/or services. Know the basic marketing concepts and theories.

 The course will also enhance your achievement of the following curriculum objectives:

• Written communication skills
• Technology (computer) skills
• Understanding of global issues in marketing/business
• Critical thinking
• Analytical skills
• Appreciation of ethical issues in marketing/business

This course will cover operation research such linear programming problems, Graphical solution, Simplex method, the Sensitivity Analysis. Also it will cover some topics in some basic Transportation Problems, Apply Game theory and Decision-making, Definition, solution methods. This subject is intended to: The purpose of this module is training students how to calculate the maximum and minimum profit for whatever. Provide a range of theories and mathematical statistical methods in the subject of Operation Research and its applications in a different area of economic and Administration sciences and other scientific disciplines. Purpose and predict scenarios which will happen next to choose the right decision. At the end of this course and having completed the Essential reading and activities, you should be able to:

• Introduction of linear programming problem.
• Apply linear programming to find the solution.
• Find the feasible solution of Graphical method for two variables L.P model.
• Apply Graphical solution and solve two variables L.P model.
• Use Simplex method and application .
• Understand the Dual problem, Definition ,transfer primal model into dual model.
• Understand the Sensitivity Analysis , Changes in the Right Hand Side (R.H.S).
• Understand Transportation Problems, primal solution.
• Apply Game theory and Decision-making, Definition, solution methods.

This course will provide an overview of human resources management (HRM). HRM is a fundamental component of the competitiveness, effectiveness, and sustainability of any organization, as it influences who is hired, how they are trained, evaluated, and compensated, and what steps are taken to retain them. Throughout the course we will focus on the role of managers and how they develop effective and efficient human resources practices that support the strategic goals of their organizations. To accomplish the above, activities will be infused into the curriculum that will familiarize students with the challenge of sustainability facing today’s companies that increases the role of human resource management practices.

The objectives of the course are:

1. To provide an understanding of key human resources practices in today's organizations. 
2. To help build critical thinking skills by analyzing how human resources practices can support an organization's strategic objectives and enhance long-term performance. 
3. To develop skills in the following areas: problem solving and analysis, written and oral communication, and teamwork.
4. Apply the principles and techniques of human resource management gained through this course to the discussion of major personnel issues and the solution of typical case problems.

Marketing Management is a course that examines the role and importance of marketing in the firm and other organizations. We will cover topics such as marketing plans/strategies, marketing research, market segmentation, retailing, advertising, pricing, Internet marketing, etc. You will find the course interesting and informative. Keep on top of the work. All the best.

COURSE OBJECTIVES

This course will help you to develop a better appreciation and understanding of the role of marketing in a business organization specifically, and in our society at large. 

Specific objectives include:

• To enhance your knowledge about marketing theories, principles, strategies and concepts and how they are applied;
• To provide you with opportunities to analyze marketing activities within the firm;
• To allow you to apply marketing concepts and theories to realistic marketing situations.
• MAJOR & CURRICULUM OBJECTIVES TARGETED
• At the end of this course, you should be able to:
• 
  
• Recognize the importance of marketing in an organization, how marketing relates to other business functions, and the role of marketing in society at large.
• Do basic secondary research relative to marketing in an organization (e.g., by using Internet search engines, such as Yahoo, Google, etc.)
• Select, analyze and define a target market for a selected product or service.
• Develop a marketing plan or strategy for a product or service (e.g., company objectives, marketing objectives, target market(s), advertising, pricing, distribution, product/ service development, evaluation of competitors, contingency plans, budget, etc.)
• Evaluate/analyze the marketing strategy for an existing product and/or services. Know the basic marketing concepts and theories.

• Written communication skills
• Technology (computer) skills
• Understanding of global issues in marketing/business
• Critical thinking
• Analytical skills
• Appreciation of ethical issues in marketing/business

The course has a great importance for the students in Business Administration department in which it enable them to better understand the human behavior in different organizations across different cultures to avoid conflicts and assure better performance.

This course will emphasis on declaring the concept of organizational behavior critically and will clearly explain the importance and the aim of studying the human behavior in nowadays complex organizational environment.

The course is framed in a way that enable students to become successful HR officers in the future. The basic aim behind teaching this course in Business Administration Department is to direct students toward a critical and out- of- box thinking through analyzing and understanding human behavior through different organizational phenomenon that enable them to connect this course outcomes with other managerial functions for better performance. by the end of this course, students should be able to:

1. Understand the meaning and importance of organizational behavior.
2. prevent perceptual distortions and organizational conflicts.
3. motivate employees in proper ways and maximize their performance.

Production/operations management involves the integration of numerous activities and processes to produce products and services in a highly competitive global environment. Many

companies have experienced a decline in market share as a result of their inability to compete on the basis of product design, cost or quality. Most now agree that world class performance in operations, i.e., in product design, manufacturing, engineering and distribution, is essential for competitive success and long term survival. This course considers the operations from a managerial perspective. We will consider key performance measures of operations (productivity, quality and response time) as well as

important concepts for improving the performance of operation  along these dimensions. At the end of the course students will have a fair understanding of the role Production/Operations Management plays in business processes. Emphasis is given both to familiarization of various production processes

and service systems, and to quantitative analysis of problems arising in the management of operations.

This resource is intended for new students and young leaders looking to learn about the fundamentals of financial management. Topics include planning and cash management, financial statements, cost cutting and financial analysis. Lessons include links to various resources, and users gain access to a list of recommended books related to financial management. While the resource does not offer assignments or tests, it does serve as a source of information for those looking to learn more about financial management. Financial management provides a foundation of the main topics in financial economics covering selected topics in corporate finance and asset pricing. In corporate finance we will be discussing capital budgeting, valuation, capital structure, and payout policy. In asset pricing, we will be studying the risk and return trade off, the Capital Asset Pricing Model, market efficiency, and derivative securities.

The course objectives are to provide a theoretical framework for considering corporate finance problems and issues and to apply these concepts in practice.

I have three primary goals for the course: 

1. to give everybody the ability and confidence to tackle common financial problems in practice, 
2. to give everybody a base level of financial knowledge that an MPA from a top business school should possess, and 
3. to provide adequate preparation for future finance classes, especially the advanced corporate and investment classes at the Cihan School of Business.

The course introduces students to common forms of electronic business and describes information technologies and web services that improve the productivity of a business.

Its content is designed to assist students in identifying and solving problems in connection with electronic business applications. The course includes examples of best practices and lessons learned to engage students, and help them construct knowledge.

The course covers:

• the basics of electronic business,
• forms of electronic commerce,
• electronic data interchange,
•  electronic payment systems,
• electronic business options and opportunities, – electronic business security concerns, and
•  legal and ethical issues.

The practical seminar assignment is focused on analysis of a concrete business problem and on selecting an electronic solution to that problem. Intended learning outcomes Knowledge and understanding of:

 basics of electronic business,

• ways of communication and interchange of business data, information and documentation through electronic media,
• selected information technologies and web services for different fields of electronic business. the course is intended to: - To make students acquainted with basic e-business domain concepts, and different forms and ways of electronic business through examples of good practices, and to present modern business challenges and technical aspects of electronic business.
•  To get students equipped with basic skills of using contemporary information technologies and web services that support electronic business processes.

• To develop students’ capabilities of applying the knowledge in creative solutions of concrete business problems by using information and communication technologies and web services.

Production/operations management involves the integration of numerous activities and processes to produce products and services in a highly competitive global environment. Many

companies have experienced a decline in market share as a result of their inability to compete on the basis of product design, cost or quality. Most now agree that world class performance in operations, i.e., in product design, manufacturing, engineering and distribution, is essential for competitive success and long term survival. This course considers the operations from a managerial perspective. We will consider key performance measures of operations (productivity, quality and response time) as well as

important concepts for improving the performance of operation  along these dimensions. At the end of the course students will have a fair understanding of the role Production/Operations Management plays in business processes. Emphasis is given both to familiarization of various production processes

and service systems, and to quantitative analysis of problems arising in the management of operations.

This resource is intended for new students and young leaders looking to learn about the fundamentals of financial management. Topics include planning and cash management, financial statements, cost cutting and financial analysis. Lessons include links to various resources, and users gain access to a list of recommended books related to financial management. While the resource does not offer assignments or tests, it does serve as a source of information for those looking to learn more about financial management. Financial management provides a foundation of the main topics in financial economics covering selected topics in corporate finance and asset pricing. In corporate finance we will be discussing capital budgeting, valuation, capital structure, and payout policy. In asset pricing, we will be studying the risk and return trade off, the Capital Asset Pricing Model, market efficiency, and derivative securities.

The course objectives are to provide a theoretical framework for considering corporate finance problems and issues and to apply these concepts in practice.

I have three primary goals for the course: (1) to give everybody the ability and confidence to tackle common financial problems in practice, (2) to give everybody a base level of financial knowledge that an MPA from a top business school should possess, and (3) to provide adequate preparation for future finance classes, especially the advanced corporate and investment classes at the Cihan School of Business.

This course introduces the essential concepts necessary to make effective use of the computer and computer applications. Students will achieve an understanding of what a computer can do, how it works, and how it can be used to create documents using word processing and spreadsheet applications as well as presentation graphics for personal and business use.

The course will also equip students with the understanding of the internet and it’s infrastructure and how it’s application supports today’s competitive management environment. Students understanding of these issues and how they can use them to add value in business is critical in the course. Computer and office application use, systems analysis and

design, data modeling, and communication. Identify, analyze, and explain Information Technology solutions in

relation to costs, benefits, and risks. Develop and design applications in spreadsheet or database use. Develop the

analytical skills and understanding of computer systems, networks, and business software applications. Course outcomes :

• a.Knowledge and Understanding: :

1.  Understand the concept of data analysis
2. Explain how data analysis help a business gain strategic advantages
3.  Explain the purpose of Excel software packages for end-user productivity and collaborative computing
4. Identify three business forecasting methods
5. Explain how failures in IT management can be reduced by the involvement of business managers in IT planning and management. 

•  b.Intellectual Skills: :

1. Examine skills needed for effectiveness in the applying of data analysis
2. Identify several strategic uses of Excel application and give examples of how they can help a business gain competitive advantages.
3. Identify the business value of using Excel application in business forecasting
4. To define and describe the functions of an operating system
5. Professional and Practical Skills: :
6. Explain why business forecasting is important for business professionals, and identify five areas of
7. information systems knowledge that they need
8. Explain how Excel application can help a business gain strategic advantages

•  To describe the main uses of computer programming software, tools, and languages.
• d.General and Transferable Skills: :

1. The ability to practice team work and presents results.
2. The ability to use Microsoft applications ( Access, Excel, PowerPoint, ,Publisher, and word)

The Bank Management course explores the services that banks and their principal competitors (including savings and loans, credit unions, security and investment firms) offer in an increasingly competitive financial-services marketplace.  Bank Management discusses the major changes and events that are remaking banking and financial services today. Among the key events and unfolding trends covered in the text are: Newest Reforms in the Financial System, including the new Dodd-Frank Financial Reform Law and the Credit Card Accountability, Responsibility, and Disclosure (CARD) Act of 2009. Global Financial Sector coverage of the causes and impact of the latest “great recession.” Systemic Risk and the presentation of the challenges posed in the financial system.

Exploration of changing views on the “too big to fail” (TBTF) doctrine and how regulators may be forced to deal with TBTF in the future. Controlling Risk Exposure presentation of methods in an increasingly volatile economy.

The course emphasizes the value and process of strategic management. In addition to familiarizing students with new subject matter, students are expected to integrate and

apply their prior learning to strategic decision making in organisations. The Strategic Management course is designed to explore an organisation’s vision, mission, examine

principles, techniques and models of organisational and environmental analysis, discuss the theory and practice of strategy formulation and implementation such as corporate

governance and business ethics for the development of effective  strategic leadership. The course is designed specifically not only to introduce students with key strategy concepts but also aims to help students to integrate and apply their prior learning to various business situations. The course aims to support MSc. programme objectives with solid grounding in ethics, globalization and cross-functional issues. On completion of this course, students will be able to:

1. Understand the strategic decisions that organisations make and have an ability to engage in strategic planning.
2. Explain the basic concepts, principles and practices associated with strategy formulation and implementation.
3.  Integrate and apply knowledge gained in basic courses to the formulation and implementation of strategy from holistic and multi-functional perspectives.
4. Analyze and evaluate critically real life company situations and develop creative solutions, using a strategic management perspective.
5. Conduct and present a credible business analysis in a team setting.
6. Understand the crucially important role that the HRM function plays in the setting and implementation of an organisation’s strategy

Welcome to Entrepreneurship! This course s an introductory course intended to provide students with knowledge of entrepreneurship and the vital role played by entrepreneurs in the global economy. To achieve this, this course focuses on the creation of new ventures, the skills necessary for success in an entrepreneurial venture, and factors associated with new venture success.

Entrepreneurship is interdisciplinary so this paper provides students with the opportunity to draw together elements of other papers such as finance, economics, management, marketing,

production and so forth, showing how these must fit together to create a whole organization, rather than viewing these as a series of unrelated components. This paper also mixes theory

with practice. Students will be challenged to apply principles, concepts and frameworks to real world situations, particularly on assignments including the business plan and on exams.

This subject will help students determine if they want to start their own ventures or if they prefer to operate as corporate entrepreneurs working within an existing organization. Companies increasingly want and need employees who can identify problems and opportunities, exercise initiative and develop creative solutions, and build support while implementing their ideas. The concepts and skills emphasized in this paper should be useful whether starting a new business or innovating within an existing organization. Upon successful completion of this course, you should be able to:

• Understand the context, concepts, theories and process of entrepreneurship
• Develop entrepreneurial opportunities & recognize the entrepreneurial potential within yourself, whether you want to start your own business or act as an entrepreneur within an existing organisation
•  Identify entrepreneurial opportunities and assess these opportunities
• Research and determine the viability or feasibility of new business concepts
• Understand how to turn a new business concept into a sustainable business venture
• Appreciate that there are various types of entrepreneurs, such as social entrepreneurs, sustainable entrepreneurs, and entrepreneurial families

This course helps students see the connection between information systems (IS) and business performance. The use of information and communication technologies (ICT) by individuals and organisations dominates the business world. There is a fundamental change going on in the way that organisations run businesses and interact with each other. New types of infrastructure and applications are developed and utilized such as ERP (enterprise resource planning), IOS (inter-organisational systems), RFID (radio frequency identification), CRM (customer relationship management),This course is designed to introduce students to

1.  IT management practices (e.g., intelligent supply chain management, IT in business process management, etc.),
2. Data analyses in Microsoft Excel and Access,
3. Enterprise resource planning in SAP.

This course provides students with an overview of the utilization of business application software and problem-solving using that software. Topics include computer systems, management information systems, microcomputer operating systems, word processing, electronic spreadsheets, database management, business graphics, networks, and integrated packages. Industry accepted microcomputer software will be used. This course is designed to provide students with a basic understanding of how Information Systems are used in organizations for meeting strategic and operational goals. To that end, students will acquire skills using current end-user

software for communication, data transformation, collaboration, and problem solving. The course also covers software and hardware components, information structures, basic business organization and processes, information system security, and networks. At the completion of the subject, students should be able to perform the following tasks:

1. Explain basic concepts for IT/IS management
2. Discuss organizational, business and strategic issues surrounding IT/IS, and
3. Analyze and evaluate uses of strategic IT/IS in practice.

This course provides a systematic and thorough introduction to all aspects of project management. Projects are an increasingly important aspect of modern business.

Therefore, the course underlines the importance of understanding the relation between projects and the strategic goals of the organisation. The course also discusses the technical, cultural, and interpersonal skills necessary to successfully manage projects from start to finish. It emphasises that project management is a professional discipline with its own tools, body of knowledge, and skills. Concepts are reinforced by case studies covering a wide variety of project types and industries.

This course provides students with insight on key aspects and challenges of Project Management (PM). Students will understand the importance of Project Management

across all avenues of work, from producing a Hollywood movie to constructing a skyscraper to upgrading IT systems. They will understand that PM skills are critical to most careers and that they can be applied at most businesses and professions.

This course will emphasize the tools that improves the student’s ability to plan, implement and manage projects during their entire life cycle, from scoping the project until its closure, including the methodologies of estimating time and costs for

completion and the measurement of progress and performance.

A special focus will be given on effective Leadership in typically quite heterogeneous teams, on Organisation and on Risk Management, defining success factors and those factors that contribute to time and cost overruns and potentially to the failure of a project. During this course numerous specific projects across different industries will be analysed for the students to understand the uniqueness of projects and of project management.  At the end of this course, students should be able to:

In terms of knowledge:

• Understand the importance of PM in most industries and businesses and to apply specific tools, models and processes.
• Understand the Importance of applying these methodologies and tools at the four distinct stages in the Project’s life cycle. The Definition, Planning, Execution and Closing Phase.
• Understand the importance of Leadership specifically in heterogeneous and virtual teams as well as governance and approaches to conflict resolutions.
• Understand key levers for measurement and follow up, Management Dash Board and Key Performance Indicators. ➢ Identify and Analyse factors for successful Projects, as well as reasons for failure based on specific case studies in the context of effective Risk Management.
• Understand the structure of financial statements relating to Profit and Loss statement, Cash Flow Statement and Balance Sheet. Students should identify positive as well as warning signs within financial statements as indicators of issues for management to address.
• Understand the importance of values and cultural differences, particularly in international projects. In terms of skills
• Ability to do presentations on complex matters in a well structured and easy to understand way and with coherent and logic conclusions.
•  Use appropriate referencing and bibliographic methods.
• Demonstrate effective and integrative team-work.

In terms of attitudes, students should develop in this course:

•  The students will learn to discuss complex management situations based on knowledge and facts and respect for different opinions
•  critical attitudes, which are necessary for “life-long learning”
•  an attitude of open-mindedness and self-critical reflection with a view to self improvement
•  sensibility towards the ethical dimensions of different aspects of the content of this course
• an open attitude towards inter-cultural team-work

The course has a great importance for the students in Business Administration department in which it enable them to better understand the human behavior in different organizations across different cultures to avoid conflicts and assure better performance.

This course will emphasis on declaring the concept of organizational behavior critically and will clearly explain the importance and the aim of studying the human behavior in nowadays complex organizational environment.

The course is framed in a way that enable students to become successful HR officers in the future. The basic aim behind teaching this course in Business Administration Department is to direct students toward a critical and out- of- box thinking through analyzing and understanding human behavior through different organizational phenomenon that enable them to connect this course outcomes with other managerial functions for better performance. by the end of this course, students should be able to:

- Understand the meaning and importance of organizational behavior.

- prevent perceptual distortions and organizational conflicts.

- motivate employees in proper ways and maximize their performance.

Production/operations management involves the integration of numerous activities and processes to produce products and services in a highly competitive global environment. Many

companies have experienced a decline in market share as a result of their inability to compete on the basis of product design, cost or quality. Most now agree that world class performance in operations, i.e., in product design, manufacturing, engineering and distribution, is essential for competitive success and long term survival. This course considers the operations from a managerial perspective. We will consider key performance measures of operations (productivity, quality and response time) as well as

important concepts for improving the performance of operation  along these dimensions. At the end of the course students will have a fair understanding of the role Production/Operations Management plays in business processes. Emphasis is given both to familiarization of various production processes

and service systems, and to quantitative analysis of problems arising in the management of operations.

This resource is intended for new students and young leaders looking to learn about the fundamentals of financial management. Topics include planning and cash management, financial statements, cost cutting and financial analysis. Lessons include links to various resources, and users gain access to a list of recommended books related to financial management. While the resource does not offer assignments or tests, it does serve as a source of information for those looking to learn more about financial management. Financial management provides a foundation of the main topics in financial economics covering selected topics in corporate finance and asset pricing. In corporate finance we will be discussing capital budgeting, valuation, capital structure, and payout policy. In asset pricing, we will be studying the risk and return trade off, the Capital Asset Pricing Model, market efficiency, and derivative securities.

The course objectives are to provide a theoretical framework for considering corporate finance problems and issues and to apply these concepts in practice.

I have three primary goals for the course: (1) to give everybody the ability and confidence to tackle common financial problems in practice, (2) to give everybody a base level of financial knowledge that an MPA from a top business school should possess, and (3) to provide adequate preparation for future finance classes, especially the advanced corporate and investment classes at the Cihan School of Business.

Kurdology is a subject designed for the first year students in different departments, it is a very important and interesting subject for Kurds and all of the other international students who would like to learn the history, culture, economical issues and the Folklore of Kurds. The term Kurdology is originated from the (Kurd + logy); the first part refers to the Kurdish nation while the second part refers to the science, acquaintance, knowledge, Introduction of Kurds as well as research, it means that this subject is designed to introduce the Kurdish nation to the world. This subject leads to investigating research about in the fields of (History, geography, language, culture, Kurdish literature, and Kurdish nation citizenship). The importance of this course appears through (history, geography, language, Art, literature, archaeology, bibliography) and many other areas related to the kurdish nation. In addition, this course will focus of different views of Western European scientists and researchers and Eastern Scientists (Including Muslim and Kurdish Scholars) about the Kurdish languages, dialects and cultures which are used throughout the history.

Basic concepts of Information Technology, File management and personal computer.  The main objective of this course is to qualify the student to pass the ICDL exam in the second two modules covering Word processing and electronic spreadsheets using Microsoft Office 2007. The ICDL program has a well-defined set of objectives which include

1. Promoting and encouraging computer literacy between students independent of their specialization
2. Raise the level of knowledge about Information Technology and the level of competence in using personal computers and common computer applications for all students
3. Ensure that all computer users understand best practices and the advantages of using a personal computer
4. To increase the productivity of students and graduates who need to use computers in their specialization and work
5. To enable better returns from investments in Information Technology (IT)
6. To provide a basic qualification degree which will allow all students, regardless of their specialization to be part of the Information Society

In this course, you will learn to recognize the characteristics of proper management by identifying what successful managers do and how they do it. Understanding how managers work is just as beneficial for the subordinate employee as it is for the manager. This course is designed to teach you the fundamentals of management as they are practiced today.

This course will illustrate how management evolves as firms grow in size. It is based upon the idea that the essential purpose of a business is to produce products and services in order to meet the needs and wants of the marketplace. A manager marshals an organization's resources (its people, finances, facilities, and equipment) toward this fundamental goal. In this course, you will explore the tasks that today's managers perform and delve into the key knowledge areas that managers need to master in order to run successful and profitable businesses.

This course teaches concepts such as Probability theory, probability distributions, inference with decision theory, regression models, index theory, models for time series and forecasting, volatility, options and management of data. Throughout the course you will learn and use statistical software packages.

The course forms part of the degree programme in business economics and is only open for program students. The concepts discussed in more detail are: probability theory/distributions, inference, (log)-regression

analysis, estimation of time series models and their use for forecasting, volatility, basics of options and data management using statistical software.

The course consists of one unit that is examined in two parts:

Exam 1: Financial statistics theory and applications, examination, written test; 6.0 ECTS

Exam 2: Financial statistics applications, home assignment in working groups; 1.5 ECTS

Note that each exam/test is graded separately and independently. This means that you, if you pass on one test, are not required to re-take the test should you fail the other. E.g. if you have passed the home assignment but fail to pass the final exam, you will retain the corresponding credits and will not be

required to do them again; you are only required to do those exams you have not passed.For a passing grade the student must demonstrate ability to:

• identify, solve and interpret problems in financial statistics
• carry out statistical analysis of financial data using statistical software 

The course provides an introduction to a core area of economics known as microeconomics. It considers the operation of a market economy and the problem of how best to allocate society's scarce resources. The course considers the way in which various decision making units in the economy (individuals and firms) make their consumption and production decisions and how these decisions are coordinated. It considers the laws of supply and demand, and introduces the theory of the firm, and its components, production and cost theories and models of market structure. The various causes of market failure are assessed, and consideration is given to public policies designed to correct this market failure.

Microeconomics is the study of how decisions are made by consumers and suppliers, how these decisions determine the allocation of scarce resources in the marketplace, and how public policy can influence market outcomes for better or worse. A basic understanding of microeconomics is essential to the study of macroeconomics because “micro” provides the foundations upon which “macro” is built. It is pointless to try to explain, for example, the demand for money and how it affects interest rates in the economy without a grasp of how suppliers and buyers interact in a market. The objective of this supplement to MACROECONOMICS: An Introduction, Third Edition is to provide a relatively compact overview of microeconomics for use in a course where micro is not a prerequisite for macro, and for students who want to brush up on their micro.

Economists think of there being two sides to a market, the demand side and the supply side. The demand side consists of economic agents, households and sometimes firms, who come to the market to buy a specific good or service. The supply side consists of the suppliers of the good or service, generally firms that produce the item. In markets for final goods, which are ready for consumption, the demanders are usually the consumers in the household sector; for example, someone buying a croissant. However, in the case of capital goods, it is a firm that is the buyer of the final good; for example, a bakery buying a new automated oven. There are also markets for intermediate goods where the buyers are firms purchasing a good or service used in the production of another good or service, for example bakeries purchasing flour from millers, or millers purchasing wheat from farmers.

We study the demand and supply sides of markets separately, because each involves different groups of agents. Within each group there is a common goal but the two groups have very distinct goals. Buyers all come to the market with the same goal of getting as much satisfaction, or what economists call utility, as they can from their limited budget. Suppliers are maximizing profit by using the factors of production - land, labour, capital, and entrepreneurship, - as effectively as possible, given the costs of those factors and the price at which they can sell their product.

An important component of modern economies is the financial system. Particularly since the 1980s, the “fictionalization” of the economies across the globe, with the unprecedented influence of capital markets and their intermediaries that this process has involved, has had increasingly visible effects on households and firms. Modern financial development, including innovations of financial instruments and institutions, has drastically increased the borrowing and savings opportunities of households and firms. However, there is also an increasing awareness that economies are now deeply interlinked and their performance is subject to greater volatility than in the past. 

The course enhances students' understanding of how financial markets operate, with an emphasis on their impact upon the economy. With the guidance of the instructor, students will explore the functioning of financial markets and how they shape behaviors, constraints and opportunities in key economic areas that households, firms, financial intermediaries and policy makers operate in. We attempt to provide a key contribution to students’ understanding of the role of finance and financial institutions and how they deliver positive economic outcomes in significant ways. The Course Learning Outcomes (CLOs) are what you should be able to demonstrate by the end of this course, if you participate fully in learning activities and successfully complete the assessment items. On successful completion of the course, you should be able to: 1. Demonstrate understanding of interconnections between finance and the economy. 2. Identify problems arising in the functioning of financial markets and intermediaries.3. Demonstrate understanding of how firms, households, financial intermediaries and policy makers interact to shape the interconnection between finance and the economy. 4. Provide arguments for a sound policy intervention that alleviates some of the problems arising from volatility of real and financial markets. 5. Evaluate the evolution of financial markets within mature economies. 6. Evaluate the costs of unregulated financial markets. 7. Construct economic arguments and written work which are logically and professionally presented. 8. Communicate ideas in a succinct and clear manner. 9. Evaluate the costs and benefits of working in teams. 10. Appreciate the real (economic and social) effects of financial markets and inter mediation in unregulated environments and participate in discussion on how best to achieve socially desirable outcomes from the interaction between finance and the economy. 11. Understand the cultural aspect of value creation in financial markets and how cultural factors may impact upon financial markets' volatility and vulnerability.

English for Banking & Finance is part of the Vocational English series. It is designed for students in vocational education and for company employees in training at work. Written by industry practitioners, it combines a strong grammar syllabus with the specialist vocabulary and skills that learners need to succeed in their chosen field.

Level 1 English for Banking and Finance is designed for students with a basic knowledge of general English who now require an elementary (CEF level A1-A2) English course in this specific field. It includes:

topics that reflect the latest developments in banking and finance, making them immediately relevant to students’ needs;

clearly defined language and function objectives which are backed up by comprehensive on-the-page language boxes.